What are puppy training pads made from?

High-quality standard puppy training pads available on the market mostly feature a six-layer composite structure. From the top surface to the bottom backing, the layers are: non-woven fabric, top tissue, fluff pulp, SAP, bottom tissue and PE waterproof film. Each layer serves its unique purpose and works in synergy to address common issues including pooling, rewetting, side leakage and tearing of the pads. 

• Material features: This layer is made of high-tensile spunbond non-woven fabric. It is lightweight, soft, wear-resistant, lint-free and highly breathable.
• Function: This layer comes into direct contact with the dog's paw. When the dog urinates, the top non-woven fabric enables rapid liquid penetration. Meanwhile, its flexible material resists scratching by puppies, prevents surface damage and maintains the integrity of the pad during prolonged use.

• Material features: Special tissue for pet pads, with strong water absorbency, good tensile strength and high wet-strength to resist breakdown when wet.
• Function: Dogs tend to release a large volume of urine quickly in one spot. Liquid passing only through the top layer may result in localized pooling. This tissue instantly catches the infiltrated urine and distributes it horizontally, spreading concentrated liquid evenly over a wider area to expand the absorption zone. It prevents delayed absorption from local urine buildup and allows the underlying absorbent materials to work to their full potential, boosting overall pad utilization.

• Material features: Premium fluff pulp fibres are fluffy and porous with strong absorbency and ample storage capacity. The material is soft, resistant to delamination after absorbing liquid and maintains good structural stability.
• Function: As the primary storage layer, fluff pulp quickly receives and buffers the distributed urine. It rapidly soaks up the dog's urine to relieve instantaneous absorption pressure and prevent overflow caused by insufficient absorption speed.

• Material features: SAP is the core functional material of training pads. It boasts an extremely high absorption capacity, able to absorb 100 to 200 times its own weight in water. It quickly forms a gel upon contact with liquid, features excellent liquid retention and resists rewetting under moderate pressure.
• Function: Urine preliminarily absorbed by fluff pulp is captured and gelled by SAP. This keeps the pad surface dry, so dogs will not get wet paws or leave paw prints on floors.

• Material features: Same grade of special pad tissue as the top layer, featuring strong absorbency, good toughness and resistance to disintegration when wet.
• Function: This tissue wraps and secures the fluff pulp and SAP absorbent core. It prevents the inner materials from shedding during production, storage and use, preserving the structural integrity and stable performance of the pad.

• Material features: High-density PE waterproof film with compact texture, excellent waterproof performance, high toughness, tensile resistance and wear resistance.
• Function: As the bottom protective barrier, the PE film delivers leakproof performance. It stops urine from seeping onto wooden floors or carpets and prevents stubborn urine odours that form when carpets or flooring absorb urine.